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Essential Judgment Case Summaries

Judgment case summaries provide essential insights into key legal rulings, helping legal professionals, students, and researchers understand the reasoning behind court decisions. At Vidhik Vani, we present well-structured and concise case summaries, covering landmark judgments and recent verdicts across various legal domains. Our summaries break down complex legal principles, highlight important precedents, and offer a clear understanding of judicial reasoning. Stay informed with our expertly crafted case analyses and enhance your legal knowledge with ease.

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A K Gopalan vs State of Madras 1950

In this Essential Judgment case summaries page we first discuss case of A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras (1950) is a landmark legal proceeding that deals with the interpretation of fundamental rights under the Indian Constitution. A.K. Gopalan, a communist leader, was detained under the Preventive Detention Act by the State of Madras on the grounds of being a threat to public order. Gopalan challenged his detention, arguing that it violated his fundamental rights guaranteed under Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Indian Constitution.

A R Antulay vs R S Nayak (1988) : A landmark Judgment on Judiciary Authority and Fair Trial

Explore the landmark Supreme Court case of A R Antulay vs R S Nayak, focusing on judicial independence, legal immunity, and constitutional principles in India. Learn about its impact on Indian jurisprudence.

Anuradha Bhasin vs Union of India (2020) : A Landmark Judgment on Internet Freedom

In the landmark case of Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020), the Supreme Court of India addressed the legality of internet shutdowns and restrictions on movement in Jammu and Kashmir. The Court ruled that indefinite suspension of internet services violates Indian law and emphasized that such orders must meet the tests of necessity and proportionality. This judgment underscored the importance of transparency and accountability in governmental actions affecting fundamental rights.

Air India vs Nargesh Meerza (1981) – A Blow To Gender Discrimination

Explore the landmark Air India vs Nargesh Meerza (1981) case, a pivotal moment in Indian legal history that challenged gender discrimination in employment. Learn how this Supreme Court ruling impacted women’s rights and workplace equality.

ADM Jabalpur vs Shivkant Shukla (1976) : A Dark Chapter in Indian Judiciary

The case of ADM Jabalpur vs Shivkant Shukla, commonly referred to as the “Habeas Corpus Case,” stands as a significant and controversial moment in India’s legal history. Decided during the Emergency period of 1975-1977, this case tested the resilience of India’s democratic institutions and the judiciary’s role in safeguarding fundamental rights.

Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug vs Union of India (2011) and Its Profound Impact on Euthanasia Law

In 2011, the Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgment in the case of Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug vs. Union of India, addressing the contentious issue of passive euthanasia. This case not only highlighted the ethical and legal dilemmas surrounding end-of-life care but also set a precedent for future deliberations on the right to die with dignity.

Buta Singh vs State Of Punjab (1991) : Discover its powerful judgment

Every legal battle has its roots in real-life circumstances, and Buta Singh vs State of Punjab (1991) was no different. This case arose from a complex scenario involving criminal culpability and intent, which played a crucial role in shaping the jurisprudence of Indian penal law.

Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab (1980) and Its Profound Impact on Capital Punishment Jurisprudence

The Supreme Court’s decision in Bachan Singh vs State of Punjab (1980) stands as a pivotal moment in India’s legal history, particularly concerning the application of the death penalty. This landmark judgment not only upheld the constitutionality of capital punishment but also introduced the “rarest of the rare” doctrine, significantly influencing subsequent legal interpretations and sentencing in capital cases.

Basdev vs State of Pepsu (1956) Shocking Verdict

In the annals of Indian jurisprudence, the case of Basdev vs State of Pepsu (1956) stands as a pivotal moment in the interpretation of criminal liability concerning intoxicated offenders. This case delved deep into the intricate relationship between voluntary intoxication and the establishment of mens rea, or the guilty mind, essential for criminal culpability.

Virsa Singh vs State of Punjab (1958) : Breaking Legal Barriers

The case of Virsa Singh vs  State Of Punjab (1958) is a landmark judgment in Indian criminal law, particularly in the context of murder and the interpretation of Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). This case is often cited for its detailed analysis of the concept of “intention” and “knowledge” in criminal law, and it has had a lasting impact on how courts determine culpability in homicide cases. Below is a comprehensive summary of the case, covering its background, judgment, impact, and linked cases.

 Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs Union of India 2008 : Supreme Court’s Bold Decision

The Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India case stands as a pivotal moment in India’s legal history, addressing the contentious issue of reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in educational institutions. This 2008 Supreme Court judgment not only upheld the constitutional validity of such reservations but also introduced significant nuances to the policy, aiming to balance social justice with meritocracy.

Bennett Coleman vs Union of India (1973) – A Victory for Press Freedom

The Bennett Coleman vs Union of India case of 1973 stands as a pivotal moment in the annals of Indian jurisprudence, particularly concerning the freedom of the press.

D K Basu vs State of West Bengal (1997) – Revolutionary Judgment Safeguarding Human Rights

The D K Basu vs State of West Bengal case stands as a monumental decision in Indian jurisprudence, addressing the pervasive issue of custodial violence and deaths.
This landmark judgment not only highlighted the gravity of human rights violations within police custody but also established comprehensive guidelines to prevent such abuses, thereby reinforcing the protection of fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution.

Director of Public Prosecutions vs Beard (1920) : Extraordinary Judgment Defining Voluntary Intoxication in Criminal Law

The case of Director of Public Prosecutions vs Beard (1920) stands as a pivotal moment in English criminal law, particularly concerning the defense of voluntary intoxication. This case delves into the complexities of how voluntary drunkenness influences the formation of specific intent necessary for certain crimes, such as murder. The House of Lords’ decision in this case has had a lasting impact on the interpretation of criminal liability in the context of intoxication.

I C Golaknath and Ors vs State of Punjab (1967) : Monumental Decision Reinforcing the Protection of Fundamental Rights in India

The case of I C Golaknath and ors vs State of Punjab (1967) stands as a pivotal moment in Indian constitutional law, addressing the delicate balance between legislative power and the protection of fundamental rights. The Supreme Court’s decision in this case has had a profound impact on the interpretation of the Constitution, particularly concerning the amendment of fundamental rights.

Indira Nehru Gandhi vs Raj Narain (1975) : The Explosive Verdict That Shook Indian Democracy

The case of Indira Nehru Gandhi vs Raj Narain (1975) is one of the most significant legal battles in Indian history. It not only altered the course of Indian politics but also had far-reaching implications for the country’s constitutional framework.
This landmark judgment led to the imposition of the Emergency in 1975, a dark chapter in India’s democratic journey. Let’s dive into the details of this case, its judgment, and its lasting impact on Indian democracy.

Indra Sawhney vs Union of India (1993) : Revolutionary Decision in Indian Reservation System

The Indra Sawhney vs Union of India (1993) case, also known as the Mandal Commission case, is one of the most significant judgments in Indian legal history. It reshaped the country’s reservation policy and addressed critical questions about social justice, equality, and affirmative action.

Berubari Union Case (1960): Its Profound Impact on India’s Territorial Integrity

The Berubari Union Case of 1960 stands as a pivotal moment in India’s constitutional history, addressing the complex interplay between territorial sovereignty and constitutional law. This case arose from a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over the Berubari region in West Bengal, leading to significant legal deliberations and interpretations.

K M Nanavati vs The State Of Bombay (1960) : 5 Shocking Revelations That Changed Indian Law Forever

The  K M Nanavati vs The State of Bombay (1960) case is one of the most sensational and transformative legal battles in Indian history. It not only captivated the nation but also led to significant changes in the Indian legal system. This case is remembered for its dramatic narrative, media frenzy, and the eventual abolition of jury trials in India. Let’s dive into the details of this landmark case, its implications, and its lasting impact on Indian jurisprudence.

Gian Kaur vs State Of Punjab (1996) : 5 Lessons on the Right to Life and Death

The case of Gian Kaur vs State of Punjab (1996) is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional law. It dealt with the complex interplay between the right to life under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and the controversial issue of euthanasia. The Supreme Court’s ruling not only clarified the scope of the right to life but also set a precedent for future cases involving the right to die with dignity.
 

Kedar Nath Singh vs State Of Bihar (1962) :  5 Key Insights into Free Speech and Sedition in India

The case of Kedar Nath Singh vs State of Bihar (1962) is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional history. It redefined the interpretation of sedition under Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and struck a delicate balance between the right to free speech and the need to maintain public order. This landmark ruling by the Supreme Court of India has had a lasting impact on how sedition is perceived and applied in the country.

Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala 1973 : The Supreme Court’s Bold Move to Save India’s Constitution

The Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala case is one of the most significant judgments in Indian legal history. Decided in 1973, this landmark case introduced the “Basic Structure Doctrine,” which forever changed how the Indian Constitution is interpreted and amended. It was a turning point that balanced the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution while ensuring that its core principles remained intact.

Keshavananda Bharati Educational Institution vs State of Kerala case (2003) : A Victory for Fundamental Rights

The Keshavananda Bharati Educational Institution vs State of Kerala case (2003) is one of the most significant judgments in Indian legal history. It not only reaffirmed the principles laid down in the original Keshavananda Bharati case (1973) but also addressed critical issues related to constitutional amendments, judicial review, and the balance of power between the legislature and the judiciary. This case is a cornerstone of Indian constitutional law, shaping the nation’s democratic framework and protecting the rights of its citizens.

L Chandra Kumar vs Union of India (1997) : From Conflict to Clarity

The L Chandra Kumar vs Union of India (1997) case is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional history. It fundamentally altered the landscape of judicial review and the functioning of tribunals in India. This case addressed critical issues related to the independence of the judiciary, the power of judicial review, and the role of tribunals in the Indian legal system. Let’s dive into the details of this landmark judgment, its implications, and the cases it influenced.

M Nagaraj and Others vs Union of India (2007): The Fight for Equal Opportunities

The M Nagaraj and Others vs Union of India (2007) case is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional law, particularly concerning reservations in promotions for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). This case not only addressed the delicate balance between equality and social justice but also set important precedents for future cases involving affirmative action. Let’s dive into the details of this landmark judgment, its implications, and the related cases it impacted.

Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India 1978 : A Victory for Justice and Freedom

The case of Maneka Gandhi vs Union of India (1978) is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional history. It reshaped the interpretation of fundamental rights, particularly Article 21, and established the principle of due process in Indian law. This case not only strengthened individual freedoms but also set a precedent for future judicial decisions, impacting countless related cases. Let’s delve into the details of this landmark judgment, its implications, and its lasting legacy.

Minerva Mills vs Union of India (1980) : How Minerva Mills (1980) Protected India’s Constitution

The Minerva Mills vs Union of India (1980) case is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional history. It not only reinforced the basic structure doctrine but also acted as a safeguard against the erosion of democratic principles. This landmark case arose during a tumultuous period in Indian politics, where the balance of power between the judiciary and the legislature was fiercely contested. Let’s delve into the details of this case, its implications, and its lasting impact on Indian democracy.

Mithu vs State Of Punjab (1983): The Supreme Court’s Bold Stand Against Arbitrary Justice

The case of Mithu vs State of Punjab (1983) is a landmark judgment in Indian legal history that fundamentally transformed the application of the death penalty in India. This case challenged the constitutional validity of Section 303 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which mandated the death penalty for offenders who committed murder while already serving a life sentence. The Supreme Court’s decision not only struck down this provision but also reinforced the principles of justice, fairness, and human rights in the Indian criminal justice system.
 

Prashant Bhushan Contempt Case 2020

The case of Prashant Bhushan & Anr. (2020) refers to a significant legal proceeding in the Supreme Court of India involving Prashant Bhushan, a prominent lawyer and activist, and another individual. Prashant Bhushan was held in contempt of court for his tweets criticizing the judiciary, particularly regarding the conduct of Chief Justice of India and the role of the judiciary in upholding democratic values.

S P Gupta vs Union of India (1981) : The Battle for Transparency and Justice

The S P Gupta vs Union of India (1981) case, often referred to as the Judges’ Transfer Case, is one of the most significant judgments in Indian legal history. It not only redefined the concept of judicial independence but also strengthened the foundation of transparency and accountability in the judiciary. This case is a cornerstone in understanding the balance of power between the executive and the judiciary, and its impact continues to resonate in Indian democracy.

S R Bommai vs Union of India case (1994) :  A Victory for Indian Federalism

The S R Bommai vs Union of India (1994) case is one of the most significant judgments in Indian constitutional history. It not only reinforced the principles of federalism and democracy but also set strict limits on the misuse of Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. This landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India has had a lasting impact on the political and legal landscape of the country.

State of Karnataka vs Union of India (1977) : The Legal Battle That Changed India

The State of Karnataka vs Union of India (1977) is one of the most significant cases in Indian constitutional law. This landmark judgment not only addressed the balance of power between the state and the central government but also set a precedent for future cases involving federalism. The case arose during a politically charged period in India, shortly after the Emergency, and its implications continue to influence the Indian legal and political landscape.

Virsa Singh vs State of Punjab (1958) : Breaking Legal Barriers

The case of Virsa Singh vs  State Of Punjab (1958) is a landmark judgment in Indian criminal law, particularly in the context of murder and the interpretation of Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). This case is often cited for its detailed analysis of the concept of “intention” and “knowledge” in criminal law, and it has had a lasting impact on how courts determine culpability in homicide cases. Below is a comprehensive summary of the case, covering its background, judgment, impact, and linked cases.

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